Imaging Solutions

Kirchhoff Prestack Time Migration (PSTM)

Robust imaging beneath complex topography using interpreter-driven velocity analysis.

Prestack Time Migration Workflow

We use Kirchhoff prestack time migration for its ability to image data beneath a rough topographic surface. When picking velocities for prestack time migration, noisy low-fold image gathers are insufficient diagnostics. As a common practice in foothills processing, we scan through a suite of constant velocity migrated sections to determine the prestack time migration that best images each reflector.

Keys to Effective Velocity Analysis

Experience with foothills data

An understanding of compressional structural styles

Good communication with the client interpreter who collaborates on the process

A velocity package that utilizes both gather analysis and stack-image analysis

Interpreter-Driven Velocity Refinement

Another advantage of the interpreter’s involvement with velocity analysis is learning the sensitivities and uncertainties in the final seismic image.

Detailed PSTM Workflow

Initial PSTM velocities by TBI staff

Interpreter-Driven Update

Residual Moveout Analysis

Full PSTM Execution

  • Full Kirchhoff prestack time migration from topography
  • Tau-P noise attenuation (if necessary)
  • Final time-variant filter and scaling
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